Interconnection queues: MW and wait times
US interconnection queues held 2,061 GW of proposed generation and storage at year-end 2025. Completed projects took a median 60.8 months from request to operation in 2025. Berkeley Lab’s sample excludes large loads; the tracker reports those separately, alongside resource MW, historical outcomes and dated reform milestones.
242 sourced readings · Download readings · 49 operator and provider listings
How much is queued, and how long did projects take?
Full tracker| ISO / RTO | SolarMW | StorageMW | WindMW | GasMW | NuclearMW | TotalMW | Median waitmonths · COD 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAISO | 69,288 | 111,563 | 7,687 | 2,213 | 0 | 191,331 | 109.6 |
| ERCOT | 151,951 | 165,315 | 44,676 | 44,236 | 0 | 408,002 | 48 |
| ISO-NE | 1,585 | 7,067 | 6,050 | 75 | 0 | 14,783 | — |
| MISO | 165,707 | 87,064 | 46,728 | 70,868 | 2,170 | 382,182 | — |
| NYISO | 8,758 | 13,201 | 7,290 | 0 | 0 | 29,249 | — |
| PJM | 67,795 | 42,676 | 19,326 | 12,724 | 1,552 | 144,278 | 82.6 |
| SPP | 54,946 | 50,850 | 27,291 | 34,996 | 0 | 171,160 | 56.1 |
Storage includes estimated hybrid MW in LBNL’s regional summaries. Nuclear uses reported project-level MW. Total includes other resources. Waits cover completed projects with measured dates, not today’s applicants. Inspect each reading and its calculation.
Queue size and measured waits
Completion and withdrawal ratesActive generation and storage
Request to commercial operation
Queue operators, data, software and study firms
49 sourced listings| Alberta Electric System Operator (AESO) | Public queue operator | — | Project list, interactive map and Power BI dashboards | Generation, energy storage and load facilities | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) | Public queue operator | — | Request queue and queue map | Large and small generation; line and load connections | — | Federal Columbia River Transmission System | 2026-11-11 |
| Burns & McDonnell | Study and advisory | — | — | — | Power flow, transient stability and bus flow analysis for cluster studies | — | 2026-11-11 |
| California ISO (CAISO) | Public queue operator | — | — | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Clean Power Research | Software | PowerClerk | No-code SaaS | Large generators and large loads | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Danovo Energy Solutions | Study and advisory | — | Engineering, analytics and advisory services | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| DNV | Study and advisory | — | — | — | Thermal/voltage, dynamic stability, short circuit/protection and electromagnetic transient impacts | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Dominion Energy | Public queue operator | Virginia Queue Status Report | — | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Duke Energy | Public queue operator | — | Duke Energy Progress generation study results downloadable from OASIS Generator Interconnection Information folder | Distributed renewable generation and storage | Cluster studies described for distributed generation in June 2024 | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Electric Power Engineers (EPE) | Study and advisory | Grid Analysis & Interconnection | — | — | Transmission planning and operations services | ERCOT and Eastern Interconnect, including SPP, MISO, PJM, ISO-NE, NYISO and SERC (2025 service-team description) | 2026-11-11 |
| Enerzinx | Study and advisory | — | — | Renewables, data centers and utility-scale energy | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Enverus | Queue data and analytics | Interconnect | — | — | — | All 7 US ISOs | 2026-11-11 |
| ERCOT | Public queue operator | Generator Interconnection Status (GIS) report | — | Planned generation in ERCOT region | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Grid Status | Queue data and analytics | — | Open-source Python library and hosted REST API | — | — | Integrations for CAISO, ERCOT, PJM, MISO, SPP, NYISO, ISO-NE, IESO and AESO; dataset coverage varies | 2026-11-11 |
| GridCARE | Study and advisory | GridCARE Energize | — | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| gridmo | Software | — | Software platform for grid connection studies | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| GridTracker | Queue data and analytics | — | Browser interface and MCP connector | — | — | US interconnection queues | 2026-11-11 |
| GridUnity | Software | GridInterConnect for Transmission | Cloud-based SaaS | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| ICF | Study and advisory | — | — | Generation and load connections | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) | Public queue operator | — | — | Transmission, load, generation and ancillary services | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| ISO New England | Public queue operator | — | Public queue with PDF and XLSX export guidance | New/uprated generation, elective transmission upgrades and transmission service | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Kevala | Software | Integrated Grid Planning (IGP) | — | Load and distributed generation scenarios | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| LandGate | Queue data and analytics | Offtake Report | Reports and MCP server | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | Queue data and analytics | Queued Up: 2026 Edition | — | — | — | 7 ISOs/RTOs and 50 non-ISO utilities | 2026-11-11 |
| MISO | Public queue operator | Generator interconnection process and GIA Portal | — | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| National Energy System Operator (NESO) | Public queue operator | Transmission Entry Capacity (TEC) Register | CSV and CKAN Data API | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) | Public queue operator | — | — | Large-load interconnection requests are reported in the Gold Book | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Nira Energy | Queue data and analytics | — | — | Generation and load development | ERIS and NRIS study replication | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Paces | Study and advisory | Development-as-a-Service | Services tracked within Paces platform | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) | Public queue operator | Public wholesale distribution queue | XLSX download | — | Cluster Study Process evaluates requests collectively | — | 2026-11-11 |
| PacifiCorp | Public queue operator | — | — | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| PJM Interconnection | Public queue operator | Cycle Service Request Status | Full and filtered exports in XLS and XML | — | SIS reports include facility and affected-system studies | — | 2026-11-11 |
| PowerGEM | Software | TARA | Batch, multi-core and cloud licensing | — | N-1 and N-1-1 contingency analysis | — | 2026-11-11 |
| PowerWorld Corporation | Software | PowerWorld Simulator | — | — | Generator interconnection studies with steady-state security analysis | — | 2026-11-11 |
| PSC Consulting | Study and advisory | — | — | — | Feasibility and interconnection studies | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Pterra Consulting | Study and advisory | dqBOT IBR model-validation automation | — | DER evaluation and load interconnection engineering | Generation interconnection, feasibility and impact studies | — | 2026-11-11 |
| PVcase | Software | PVcase Prospect Capacity | — | Includes BESS charging studies | N-1 injection studies by bus | US project sites only | 2026-11-11 |
| RLC Engineering | Study and advisory | — | — | Solar, wind and battery resources on transmission and distribution systems | DER cluster studies | — | 2026-11-11 |
| S&P Global Market Intelligence | Queue data and analytics | 2026 US Interconnection Queues Analysis report | — | — | — | 2023 analysis covers all 7 US ISOs and 14 major non-ISO utilities; historical report scope | 2026-11-11 |
| Siemens | Software | Gridscale X PSS E | — | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Smarter Grid Solutions | Software | Flexible Grid Interconnections powered by Strata Grid | Controls do not depend on a network model | Distributed generation, energy storage and large loads | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Southern California Edison (SCE) | Public queue operator | Public interconnection queue and redacted study reports | — | WDAT and Rule 21 non-export requests accepted in tool | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Southern Company Transmission | Public queue operator | Active OATT requests in transitional cluster study listing | — | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| Southwest Power Pool (SPP) | Public queue operator | — | Public listing and CSV download | — | — | — | 2026-11-11 |
| TNEI | Study and advisory | — | — | — | — | US data-center interconnection services | 2026-11-11 |
| Wood Mackenzie | Queue data and analytics | Lens Power & Renewables queue data | — | — | — | US interconnection queues | 2026-11-11 |
| WSP | Study and advisory | — | — | — | TRV and TOV dynamic stability studies | United States study reference portfolio | 2026-11-11 |
| Xcel Energy | Public queue operator | Distributed Energy Resources interconnection queue | — | — | — | Minnesota distributed generation interconnection | 2026-11-11 |
| Yes Energy | Queue data and analytics | Infrastructure Insights | — | — | — | North America | 2026-11-11 |
Browse by what you need
- Public queues 18
Find ISO, RTO and utility interconnection queues for PJM, MISO, SPP, ERCOT, CAISO, NYISO and ISO-NE, with published fields, formats, timing and source links.
- Queue data 9
Compare interconnection queue data: LBNL Queued Up, GridTracker, Enverus, Grid Status, Wood Mackenzie and S&P, with coverage, refresh and sources.
- Software 9
Compare interconnection software for queue workflows and power-flow studies, including GridUnity, PowerClerk, PSS E, PowerWorld and TARA, with dated sources.
- Studies and advisory 13
Interconnection study and advisory firms compared: study types, request types, application support and published track record, with first-party source links.
- Large load 12
Find operators, software and study firms that track and model large-load and data center interconnection requests, with service scope, sources and dates.
How to read the table
Full methodologyEach row is a queue, a queue dataset, a tool or a firm, read from its own page. The small number beside a value opens that source with the date we read it. A blank cell means the source states nothing on that point.
The queue tracker records dated measurements. Each row names its population and unit, with a report or workbook locator. The operator and provider directory below it describes services, formats and fees.
Dates in a queue are requests, not promises. A proposed in-service date shows what a developer asked for, so waits appear here only where a named report measures them. Featured placement is paid and labelled; every row sorts on its own data.
Questions developers ask
Who runs interconnection queues?
Each grid operator runs its own. In the US that is seven ISOs and RTOs (PJM, MISO, SPP, ERCOT, CAISO, NYISO and ISO New England), plus transmission-owning utilities such as PacifiCorp, Southern Company, PG&E, SCE, Xcel, Dominion and Duke outside them. Canada has IESO and AESO, Great Britain has NESO, and BPA runs the federal Columbia River system. All 18 are in the table with what each publishes: SPP offers a CSV download, PJM exports XLS and XML, NESO updates its register every Tuesday and Friday.
Sources: PJM cycle status, SPP active requests, NESO TEC Register, LBNL Queued Up
How long is the wait in an interconnection queue?
Projects that reached commercial operation in 2025 took a median 60.8 months from interconnection request, just over five years, across 294 projects with measured dates in Berkeley Lab’s Queued Up 2026 data. The 2015 median was 37.8 months. The wait depends on the grid: 109.6 months in CAISO (14 projects), 82.6 months in PJM (46), 56.1 months in SPP (138) and 48 months in ERCOT (74). MISO’s temporary ERAS track aims to issue an agreement in three months. A proposed in-service date in a queue is the developer’s request; these medians are measured.
Sources: LBNL Queued Up, MISO generator interconnection, Queued Up 2026 workbook (sheets 37–38)
What does it cost to join a queue?
MISO charges a flat $7,600 application fee and an M2 milestone of $8,000 per MW studied, in cash or an irrevocable letter of credit; the 2026 DPP cycle closes on 15 January 2027. Xcel Energy charges $300 for a Pre-Application Report in Minnesota. PG&E opened its QC16 cluster window from 11 to 25 September 2026. Fees and security are set per operator and per request size, so read the tariff of the queue you are joining.
Sources: MISO generator interconnection, Xcel Energy hosting capacity, PG&E wholesale generation
Where can I download queue data?
Straight from the operators: SPP and NESO offer CSV, PJM XLS and XML, ISO-NE PDF and XLSX, PG&E XLSX. For one dataset across operators use Berkeley Lab’s Queued Up (CC BY 4.0, 7 ISOs and RTOs plus 50 non-ISO utilities, data through the end of 2025), GridTracker’s daily snapshots with history since April 2024, or the open-source Grid Status Python library (BSD-3-Clause). Enverus tracks all 7 US ISOs daily.
Sources: LBNL Queued Up, GridTracker, Grid Status on GitHub, Enverus (Pearl Street) Interconnect
Where are data center (large-load) requests tracked?
Operators now publish their own large-load counts. ERCOT conditionally placed 66.4 GW of large load (204 projects) in its Batch Zero study on 3 September 2026, per its September Batch Zero Update. AEP Ohio holds 17,861 MW of contracted data-center load, per its 13 February 2026 release. NYISO reports large-load requests in its Gold Book, and IESO and AESO list load applications beside generation. On the services side, TNEI manages data-center requests from 10 MW to 500 MW and above, and GridCARE says it has qualified 5 GW of capacity across the US. The large-load hub lists all 12 entries.
Sources: ERCOT Batch Zero Update, Sept 2026, AEP Ohio, 13 Feb 2026, NYISO 2024 Gold Book, IESO application status, TNEI data-center services, GridCARE